can some one help me with some information on fly fishing?
what do all the numbers correspond to like the line weight the rod weight and the reel weight?
It's based on line weight. The line number is the weight (in grains) of one centimeter of line or something like that -- I may have that wrong, but it doesn't matter because who cares how many grains one centimeter of fly line weighs?
What you need to know is that you match your line weight to a rod (and vice versa). So, if you have a 4 weight rod, you rig it with 4 weight line. You can give or take one step if you'd like, like putting 5 weight line in a 4 weight rod, but you usually need a good reason to do so. Heavier line in a lighter rod will give you a faster, longer cast, but may affect your accuracy and presentation. Lighter line in a heavier weight may give you less distance but can give you a more delicate presentation.
Heavier fly line is for heavier fish, longer casts, and bigger water. Lighter fly line is for smaller fish, shorter casts, smaller water, and closed in spaces. Use a 4-weight outfit for small streams and fish up to 3-4 pounds and casting distances of maybe 40 feet. A 5-weight outfit will be good for larger streams and fish up to 4-5 pounds and casts up into the 60-foot range. With a 6-weight rod and line you can get into some pretty large fish -- I caught a 36-inch muskie on mine once, though I was sweating it. Rods and reels in the 8 and 9 weight range are often used for big fighting fish and saltwater fishing. I have a friend who uses an 9-weight rod with #10 fly line and it seems like he can fast 100 feet with a double-haul cast.
I don't want to sound pornographic, but length and stiffness are also considerations -- longer, stiffer (faster) rods will give you more distance, better control at the end of the line (like for setting the hook), and more leverage when you hook a fish. Shorter and softer (slower) rods are better when trees and other cover are factors, or when you want to make exceedingly gentle presentations.
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